Between Barbarism and Progress: Enlightenment Historical Writings on a Major Conflict in Russian History

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/csp.2019.3.4.084

Abstract

The dichotomy of barbarism and progress has long been a focal point for the discussions about Russia’s past and present. The discourse on Russian barbarism had been known in Europe since at least 16th century, but Enlightenment thinkers gave it a new shape by juxtaposing the ancient conception of barbarism with the rather modern idea of progress. In this article, Enlightenment historical writings are examined; the focus is on the question of how Russian history was studied in order to find signs of barbarism and the different guises of progress. The primary sources for the article are mainly Russian historical writings; however, relations and interactions between Russian and European intellectuals, as well as intellectual exchange and influence, are also noted. As there were no word “civilization” in 18th-century Russian, enlightenment was deemed by Russian thinkers as the antipode to barbarism. It is concluded that most Enlightenment writers saw Christianization as a step forward from barbarism in Russian history. Parallels between Russia and Scandinavia as they were drawn by August Schlözer are also analyzed. The article shows how the idea of conflict between barbarism and progress altered the understanding of Russian history in the Enlightenment.

Author Biography

Sergei V. Sokolov, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Sergei V. Sokolov is Associate Professor, Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg, Russia), Candidate of Sciences (History), author of more than 30 articles on Russian intellectual history of the Enlightenment and a monograph, a member of the research team working on the project “Concepts of Conflict and Concord in Russian Thought in the Context of European Approaches, 18-20th centuries” (started in 2018). His research interests are intellectual history of the Early Modern Age, Russian historiography, Intellectual exchange between Russia and Europe in the Modern Ages, political writings and theories of the Russian Enlightenment, history of the Kievan Rus’.

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Published
2020-01-06
How to Cite
Sokolov, S. (2019). Between Barbarism and Progress: Enlightenment Historical Writings on a Major Conflict in Russian History. Changing Societies & Personalities, 3(4), 388–406. doi:10.15826/csp.2019.3.4.084
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol. 3, No. 4 (2019)
Section
Articles