A Graveyard as a Home to Ghosts or a Subject of Scholarly Research? The Czech National Cemetery at Vyšehrad

Abstract

Confirmed by a variety of sociological research, modern Czech society is considered deeply secular, non-believing, rejecting religious institutions and traditional forms of religion. This paper focuses on a field study of religiosity, namely on funeral artifacts in Vyšehrad, the Czech national cemetery in Prague, the Czech Republic’s capital. Based on the findings of ethnographer Wilbur Zelinsky, the paper assumes that gravestones in particular record very private, innermost feelings, messages, tidings, and personal values, which can provide us with important knowledge about (especially) the bereaved persons’ attitudes to human ultimate things including religious issues in the moments of a great loss of a loved one, i.e. in the situation of so-called existential crisis. The aim of the paper is to answer two key questions: firstly, how religion (or non-belief) is presented in the Czech national cemetery and secondly, to what degree is the gravestones’ character influenced by significant historical events of modern Czech history. In other words, how much the image of religion in this nationally important cemetery corresponds with the degree of religiosity researched by standard sociological means.

Author Biography

Tomáš Bubík, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic

Tomáš Bubík is an Associate Professor at the Palacký University Olomouc in the Czech Republic, the Head of the Unit for the Study of Religion at the Faculty of Arts. His research interests embrace history, theory and methodology of religious studies, research into modern forms of atheism and non-religion, as well as the cognitive science of religions. Tomáš is currently responsible for two research projects, one of which is focused on building a cognitive team and laboratory, while another is devoted to the study of Freethought, Atheism and Nonreligion in CEE. His most recent publications include: one coauthored with Henryk Hoffmann (Eds.) ‘Studying Religions with the Iron Curtain Closed and Open. The Academic Study of Religion in Eastern Europe’ (Leiden: Brill, 2015) and another coauthored with Atko Remmel and David Václavík (Eds.) ‘Freethought and Atheism in Central and Eastern Europe: The Development of Secularity and Non-Religion’ (Routledge, 2020). Tomáš Bubík has been the president of the Czech Society for the Study of Religions since 2015 and 2018.

References


  • Ariés, Ph. (1977). L'homme devant la mort (Vols. 1-2) [English edition: The Hour of Our Death, trans. Helen Weaver. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981. Czech edition: Dějiny smrti, trans. Danuše Navrátilová. Praha: Argo, 2000]. Paris: Seuil.

  • Ariés, Ph. (1983). Images de l'homme devant la mort [English edition: Images of Man and Death, trans. Janet Lloyd. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985]. Paris: Seuil.

  • Balák, K. (1946). V posvátné půdě Vyšehradu [In the Sacred Soil of Vyšehrad]. Praha: A. Lapáček.

  • Bedrníček, P. (2008). Vyšehradský hřbitov [Vyšehrad Cemetery]. Praha: Volvox Globator.

  • Bubík, T., Remmel, A., & Václavík, D. (Eds.). (2020). Freethought and Atheism in Central and Eastern Europe. The Development of Secularity and Non-Religion. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.

  • Durkheim, É. (2003). Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse [The Elementary Forms of Religious Life]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. (Original work published 1912).

  • Eliáš, V., & Kotrlý, T. (2006). Přehled veřejných a neveřejných pohřebišť v České republice [Overview of Public and Non-public Cemeteries in the Czech Republic]. Retrieved from http://www.pohrebiste.cz/download/publpreh.pdf

  • Fialová, K., Nešpor, Z. R. (2018). Nevěřící, apatheisté nebo skrytí věřící? Charakteristika osob, které se v rámci sčítání lidu nepřihlásily k žádné denominaci [Non-Believers, Apatheists or Hidden Believers? The Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Persons Refusing to Declare Their Religious Affiliation in the National Census]. Religio: Revue pro religionistiku, 26(2), 205−230. Retrieved from https://www.soc.cas.cz/publikace/neverici-apatheiste-nebo-skryti-verici-charakteristika-osob-ktere-se-v-ramci-scitani-lidu

  • Gade, D. W. (2015). Cemeteries as a Template of Religion, Non-religion and Culture. In S. D. Brunn (Ed.), The Changing World Religion Map (pp. 623−647). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6

  • Gorman, F. J. E., & DiBlasi, M. (1981). Gravestone Iconography and Mortuary Ideology. Ethnohistory, 28(1), 79−98. DOI: 10.2307/481579

  • Hamplová, D. (2013). Náboženství v české společnosti na prahu 3. tisíciletí. [Religion in Czech Society on the Threshold of the 3rd Millennium]. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, Karolinum.

  • Havlíček, J. (2019). "Měřítko vytváří jev": k pojetí obsahů a funkcí náboženství ve výzkumech religiozity v současné české společnosti [“It Is the Scale That Makes the Phenomenon”: Towards Conceptualizing the Contents and Functions of Religion in Czech Religiosity Research Today]. Religio: Revue pro religionistiku, 27(1), 117−141.

  • Horák, J. (2015). Dechristianizace českých zemí [Dechristianization of the Czech Lands]. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci.

  • Knott, K. (2005). Spatial Theory and Method for the Study of Religion. Temenos − Nordic Journal of Comparative Religion, 41(2), 153−184. DOI: 10.33356/temenos.4778

  • Kunte, L. (1920). Vznik nového náboženství [The Origin of a New Religion]. Praha: Kvasnička a Hampl.

  • Liška, V. (2006). Slavín. Zpráva o rekonstrukci [Slavín. Reconstruction Report]. Praha: Kamil Mařík.

  • Lužný, D. (1999). Náboženství a moderní společnost: Sociologické teorie modernizace a sekularizace [Religion and Modern Society: A Sociological Theory of Modernization and Secularization]. Brno: Masarykova univerzita.

  • Máté-Tóth, A. (2019). Freiheit und Populismus. Verwundete Identitäten in Ostmitteleuropa [Freedom and Populism. Identified Identities in Eastern Europe]. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.

  • Mitoraj, S. (2001). A Tale of Two Cemeteries: Gravestones as Community Artifacts. The English Journal, 90(5), 82-87.

  • Nechvátal, B. (1991). Vyšehradský hřbitov [Vyšehrad Cemetery]. Praha: Správa nár. kulturní památky Vyšehrad.

  • Nekula, M. (2017). Smrt a zmrtvýchvstání národa [Death and Resurrection of the Nation]. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, Karolinum.

  • Nešpor, Z. (2010). Příliš slábi ve víře [Too Weak in Faith]. Praha: Kalich.

  • Nešporová, O. (2013). O smrti a pohřbívání [About Death and Burial]. Brno: CDK.

  • Pašková, I. (2017, April 7). Náhrobek Josefa Masopusta vytvořil Ondřej Oliva. [The Tombstone of Josef Masopust created by Ondřej Oliva]. DOBRÝ DEN s kurýrem. Retrieved from: http://www.idobryden.cz/kultura/nahrobek-josefa-masopusta-vytvoril-ondrej-oliva/b859b31a-16f7-11e7-9afc-005056ab0011/

  • Potoček, V. (2005). Vyšehradský hřbitov – Slavín [Vyšehrad Cemetery – Slavín] (1st ed.). Praha: Professional Publishing.

  • Suchan, L. (2008). Memento Mori: Bringing Classroom to the Cemetery. The History Teacher, 42(1), 41-53. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40543773

  • Václavík, D. (2009). Náboženství a moderní česká společnost [Religion and Modern Czech Society]. Praha: Grada.

  • Zelinsky, W. (2007). The Gravestone Index: Tracking Personal Religiosity Across Nations, Regions, and Periods. The Geographical Review, 97(4), 441-466. DOI: 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2007.tb00406.x

Published
2020-07-09
How to Cite
Bubík, T. (2020). A Graveyard as a Home to Ghosts or a Subject of Scholarly Research? The Czech National Cemetery at Vyšehrad. Changing Societies & Personalities, 4(2), 136–157. doi:10.15826/csp.2020.4.2.094
Section
Articles