The Neighborhood Association Model as a Mechanism for Participatory Governance and Economic Empowerment in Urban Communities

Abstract

Community empowerment based on the Neighborhood Association (Rukun Tetangga / RT) model has demonstrated a positive impact on fostering self-reliance among urban populations, particularly through increased participation, communal solidarity, and the strengthening of local economies. This article specifically examines an empowerment model that prioritizes self-help mechanisms as its core strategy. The results reveal that direct engagement of residents at the RT level serves as a critical foundation for designing initiatives that align with the community’s actual needs. Active participation in program implementation further illustrates that RT-based empowerment effectively mobilizes communities in a cost-efficient manner. These results underscore the RT model as an innovative and contextually relevant approach to enhancing economic well-being through collective action. Therefore, the study recommends integrating RT-based empowerment into governmental policy as a sustainable strategy for urban community development.

Author Biographies

Eny Boedi Orbawati, Universitas Tidar, Magelang, Indonesia

Eny Boedi Orbawati specializes in public administration and public policy, with research interests in governance, community development, public service, and local development. Her work examines the role of public institutions, policy implementation, and community engagement in improving governance and promoting sustainable local development.

Fadlurrahman Fadlurrahman, Universitas Tidar, Magelang, Indonesia

Fadlurrahman Fadlurrahman specializes in public administration, with a particular focus on local governance and community development. His research interests include participatory governance, tourism governance, public policy, and public service innovation. His work examines how local governance, institutional arrangements, and community participation contribute to effective public services and sustainable local development.

Ari Mukti, Universitas Tidar, Magelang, Indonesia

Ari Mukti specializes in public administration, community empowerment, and local governance, with research interests in participatory development, community capacity building, public policy, and collaborative governance. His work examines how local institutions, community participation, and collaborative governance practices can strengthen community capacity, improve public services, and support inclusive local development.

References


  • Ahmad, I., & Islam, M. R. (2024). Building strong communities: Ethical approaches to inclusive development. Emerald. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781835491744

  • Aiyer, S. M., Zimmerman, M. A., Morrel-Samuels, S., & Reischl, T. M. (2015). From broken windows to busy streets: A community empowerment perspective. Health Education and Behavior, 42(2), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198114558590

  • Anderson, G., Blair, R., & Shirk, J. (2018). Neighborhood associations and community development: Differences in needs and strategies. Community Development, 49(5), 504–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2018.1529049

  • Andreeva, E., Myslyakova, Y., Glukhikh, P., & Ratner, A. (2017). Economic and social impact of modernization on cultural values. Journal of International Studies, 10(1), 193–208. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2017/10-1/14

  • Baba, C., Kearns, A., McIntosh, E., Tannahill, C., & Lewsey, J. (2017). Is empowerment a route to improving mental health and wellbeing in an urban regeneration (UR) context? Urban Studies, 54(7), 1619–1637. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016632435

  • Bailey, N. (2010). Understanding community empowerment in urban regeneration and planning in England: Putting policy and practice in context. Planning Practice and Research, 25(3), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2010.503425

  • Bednarska-Olejniczak, D., Olejniczak, J., & Svobodová, L. (2020). How a participatory budget can support sustainable rural development—Lessons from Poland. Sustainability, 12(7), Article 2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072620

  • Bock, B. B. (2016). Rural marginalisation and the role of social innovation; A turn towards nexogenous development and rural reconnection. Sociologia Ruralis, 56(4), 552–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12119

  • Bourdieu, P. (2018). The forms of capital. In M. Granovetter & R. Swedberg (Eds.), The sociology of economic life (3rd ed., pp. 78–93). Routledge.

  • Budianto, E. E. (2021, December). Guru Honorer di Mojokerto Korupsi Dana PNPM Mandiri Rp 465 Juta Dijebloskan Bui [Honorary teacher in mojokerto imprisoned for corruption of Rp 465 million in PNPM Mandiri Funds]. Detiknews. https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-5838175/guru-honorer-di-mojokerto-korupsi-dana-pnpm-mandiri-rp-465-juta-dijebloskan-bui

  • Cassarino, M., Bantry-White, E., & Setti, A. (2020). Neighbourhood environment and cognitive vulnerability—A survey investigation of variations across the lifespan and urbanity levels. Sustainability, 12(19), Article 7951. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197951

  • Christens, B. D. (2019). Community power and empowerment. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190605582.001.0001

  • Chu, E., Anguelovski, I., & Carmin, J. A. (2016). Inclusive approaches to urban climate adaptation planning and implementation in the Global South. Climate Policy, 16(3), 372–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1019822

  • Dahles, H., Khieng, S., Verver, M., & Manders, I. (2020). Social entrepreneurship and tourism in Cambodia: Advancing community engagement. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(6), 816–833. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1706544

  • Dolezal, C., & Novelli, M. (2022). Power in community-based tourism: Empowerment and partnership in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10), 2352–2370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1838527

  • Dushkova, D., & Ivlieva, O. (2024). Empowering communities to act for a change: A review of the community empowerment programs towards sustainability and resilience. Sustainability, 16(19), Article 8700. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198700

  • Esteves, A. M., Genus, A., Henfrey, T., Penha-Lopes, G., & East, M. (2021). Sustainable entrepreneurship and the Sustainable Development Goals: Community-led initiatives, the social solidarity economy and commons ecologies. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(3), 1423–1435. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2706

  • Evans, S. D., & Fernandez-Burgos, M. (2023). From empowerment to community power in participatory budgeting. American Behavioral Scientist, 67(4), 578–592. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221086947

  • Faradiah, D. (2023). Implementasi Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Bidang Ekonomi [Implementation of community empowerment programs in the economic sector]. Ajudan: Jurnal Diseminasi Kajian Ilmu Administrasi Negara, 1(2), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.30743/jdkan.v2i1.7819

  • Fernando, H., Larasati, Y. G., Abdullah, I., Florika, V. T., & Liyana, C. I. (2025). The deconstruction of women’s values in #MeToo on Instagram. Italian Sociological Review, 15(1), 27–46. [Instagram™ is a trademark of Instagram Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. По решению Роскомнадзора, социальная сеть Instagram полностью заблокирована в России как экстремистская организация.] https://doi.org/10.13136/isr.v15i1.821

  • Fernando, H., Larasati, Y. G., Efendi, Z., Hanim, M. A. F., & Hasaniy, N. R. (2026). Religious appropriation: Artificial Intelligence-driven political campaign algorithm trap. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 25(73), 67–84.

  • Franco, I. B., & Tracey, J. (2019). Community capacity-building for sustainable development: Effectively striving towards achieving local community sustainability targets. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 20(4), 691–725. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-02-2019-0052

  • Hasdiansyah, Suryono, Y., & Faraz, N. J. (2020). The community empowerment towards competitive Indonesian communities in the 21st century. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3), 1855–1859.

  • Hawkins, C. V., Hu, Q., & Feiock, R. C. (2016). Self-organizing governance of local economic development: Informal policy networks and regional institutions. Journal of Urban Affairs, 38(5), 643–660. https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12280

  • Hur, M., & Bollinger, A. G. (2015). Neighborhood associations and their strategic actions to enhance residents’ neighborhood satisfaction. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 44(6), 1152–1172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764014556775

  • Khair, N. K. M., Lee, K. E., & Mokhtar, M. (2020). Sustainable city and community empowerment through the implementation of community-based monitoring: A conceptual approach. Sustainability, 12(22), Article 9583. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229583

  • Khalid, S., Ahmad, M. S., Ramayah, T., Hwang, J., & Kim, I. (2019). Community empowerment and sustainable tourism development: The mediating role of community support for tourism. Sustainability, 11(22), Article 6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226248

  • King, K. N. (2004). Neighborhood associations and urban decision making in Albuquerque. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 14(44), 391–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.42

  • Kiss, B., Sekulova, F., Hörschelmann, K., Salk, C. F., Takahashi, W., & Wamsler, C. (2022). Citizen participation in the governance of nature-based solutions. Environmental Policy and Governance, 32(3), 247–272. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1987

  • Kruahong, S., Tankumpuan, T., Kelly, K., Davidson, P. M., & Kuntajak, P. (2023). Community empowerment: A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 79(8), 2845–2859. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15613

  • Kumar, S., Kumar, D., Sengupta, K., & Giri, T. K. (2022). Through convergence and governance: Embedding empowerment in community development interventions. Community Development Journal, 57(2), 295–318. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsaa055

  • Larasati, Y. G., Fernando, H., Barkah, Q., Prasojo, Z. H., Atika, SA, R., Masruroh, A., Sintang, S., & Morin, L. (2025). Adolescent forced marriage and community misconduct: Rethinking Islamic family law. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 23(1), 34–49.

  • Larasati, Y. G., Fernando, H., Fitri, W., Wuysang, J. M., Hardianti, F., & Akbar, R. A. (2026). Young children in war-time: Making sense of Palestine-Israel conflict impact on Instagram. Italian Sociological Review, 16(1), 181–198. [Instagram™ is a trademark of Instagram Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. По решению Роскомнадзора, социальная сеть Instagram полностью заблокирована в России как экстремистская организация.] https://doi.org/10.13136/isr.v16i1.977

  • Logan, J. R., & Rabrenovic, G. (1990). Neighborhood associations: Their issues, their allies, and their opponents. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 26(1), 68–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/004208169002600104

  • MacLeavy, J. (2009). (Re)analysing community empowerment: Rationalities and technologies of government in Bristol’s new deal for communities. Urban Studies, 46(4), 849–875. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009102132

  • Mehmood, A. (2016). Of resilient places: Planning for urban resilience. European Planning Studies, 24(2), 407–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2015.1082980

  • Mesch, G. S., & Schwirian, K. P. (1996). The effectiveness of neighborhood collective action. Social Problems, 43(4), 467–483. https://doi.org/10.2307/3096955

  • Mortazavi, M. (2011). From ancient to modern urbanization: Intermediary function of an urban society. International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 15(1), 126–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-010-0130-x

  • Muslim, A. (2017). Analisis Kegagalan Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Membangun Kemandirian Masyarakat Miskin (Studi Kasus di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur) [Analysis of the failure of the national community empowerment program in building the independence of the poor (Case study in the special region of Yogyakarta, Central Java and East Java)]. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 13(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v13i1.14524

  • Park, E., & Kim, S. (2016). The potential of Cittaslow for sustainable tourism development: Enhancing local community’s empowerment. Tourism Planning and Development, 13(3), 351–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2015.1114015

  • Pascaris, A. S., Schelly, C., Burnham, L., & Pearce, J. M. (2021). Integrating solar energy with agriculture: Industry perspectives on the market, community, and socio-political dimensions of agrivoltaics. Energy Research & Social Science, 75, Article 102023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102023

  • Pasoloran, O., & Kurniasari Wibisono, L. (2022). Empatic budgeting model: Study of regional budgeting in Tana Toraja Regency. Devotion : Journal of Research and Community Service, 3(13), 2278–2288. https://doi.org/10.36418/dev.v3i13.290

  • Pedoman Teknis Pelaksanaan Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Maju Sehat Bahagia [Technical guidelines for implementing the Maju Sehat Bahagia Community Empowerment Program]. (2021). Magelang City Mayoral Regulation (PERWALI) No. 24. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/192113/perwali-kota-magelang-no-24-tahun-2021

  • Phannan, P. (2020). Community empowerment and the urban poor’s community agricultural garden development. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 576, Article 012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/576/1/012024

  • Powell, N., Dalton, H., Lawrence-Bourne, J., & Perkins, D. (2024). Co-creating community wellbeing initiatives: What is the evidence and how do they work? International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 18(1), Article 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-024-00645-7

  • Putnam, R. D. (2007). E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and community in the twenty-first century The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2), 137–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00176.x

  • Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15(2), 121–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00919275

  • Reis, I. F. G., Gonçalves, I., Lopes, M. A. R., & Henggeler Antunes, C. (2021). Business models for energy communities: A review of key issues and trends. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 144, Article 111013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111013

  • Rodrigues, P., Hébert, M., & Philibert, M. (2023). Neighborhood social support and social participation as predictors of dating violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(13–14), 8400–8421. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605231155130

  • Sassen, S. (2012). Cities: A window into larger and smaller worlds. European Educational Research Journal, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2012.11.1.1

  • Sassen, S. (2013). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo (2nd ed.). Princeton University Press.

  • Schouten, B. A. M., Klerks, G., & Cazacu, S. (2024). Designing collective empowerment to support bottom-up city-making. International Journal of Design, 18(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.57698/v18i2.01

  • Sidik, F., & Habibi, M. (2024). A prize for the village ruling class: “Village Funds” and class dynamics in rural Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 54(3), 387–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2023.2193968

  • Sun, C., Liu, J., & Chen, Y. (2025). Impact of empowerment on public participation awareness in community renewal projects: Mediating role of trust and community identity. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 24(3), 1931–1944. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2024.2321996

  • Surya, B., Suriani, S., Menne, F., Abubakar, H., Idris, M., Rasyidi, E. S., & Remmang, H. (2021). Community empowerment and utilization of renewable energy: Entrepreneurial perspective for community resilience based on sustainable management of slum settlements in Makassar City, Indonesia. Sustainability, 13(6), Article 3178. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063178

  • Taubenböck, H., Wurm, M., Setiadi, N., Gebert, N., Roth, A., Strunz, G., Birkmann, J., & Dech, S. (2009). Integrating remote sensing and social science: The correlation of urban morphology with socioeconomic parameters. In 2009 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/URS.2009.5137506

  • Uyttebrouck, C., Schelings, C., Van Doosselaere, S., & Teller, J. (2023). Implementing empowerment projects in urban neighbourhoods: Actors and interactions. Town Planning Review, 94(6), 635–660. https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2023.15

  • Vargas-Hernández, J. G., Pallagst, K., & Zdunek-Wielgołaska, J. (2018). Urban green spaces as a component of an ecosystem. In S. Dhiman & J. Marques (Eds.), Handbook of engaged sustainability (pp. 885–916). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71312-0_49

  • Wardoyo, P. (2022, March 17). Korupsi PNPM Rp 314 Juta, Kades Inisial L Ditangkap Polisi. Astaga Pengakuannya Uangnya Untuk Begini! [Village head with the initial L arrested for Rp 314 million in PNPM corruption. Oh, my God, the money for this!]. JoglosemarNews.com. https://joglosemarnews.com/2022/03/korupsi-pnpm-rp-314-juta-kades-inisial-l-ditangkap-polisi-astaga-pengakuannya-uangnya-untuk-begini/

  • Wijayanti, R., & Taufik, N. I. (2022). The role of village funds to improve community welfare: A study in West Bandung Regency. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development, 5(1), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v5i1.1641

  • Winston, N. (2022). Sustainable community development: Integrating social and environmental sustainability for sustainable housing and communities. Sustainable Development, 30(1), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2238

  • Wirth, L. (1938). Urbanism as a way of life. American Journal of Sociology, 44(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1086/217913

  • Yang, C.-H., & Huang, S.-N. (2016). Building the empowered community towards a service design perspective: Case study of West Central District in Tainan. In Proceedings of 2015 International Conference on Orange Technologies, December 19–22, 2015, Hong Kong, China (pp. 63–66). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOT.2015.7498507

  • Yap, N., Nugroho, M., & Rachmiyati, N. (2024). Evaluating village financial governance in top tourism destinations. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 2971–2991. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2638

Published
2026-10-05
How to Cite
Orbawati, E., Fadlurrahman, F., Mukti, A., & Nugraha, J. (2026). The Neighborhood Association Model as a Mechanism for Participatory Governance and Economic Empowerment in Urban Communities. Changing Societies & Personalities, 10(3), 628-648. doi:10.15826/csp.2026.10.3.403
Section
Articles